UK contract and employment law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

UK contract and employment law - Essay Example She became negligent with her work. She committed 2 negligent acts which were both serious in nature and affected the company. After the first incident, Clarissa was informally warned but the manager still showed faith in her. But after the second incidence, manager lost confidence in her and she was fired with a six month notice. Her contract will terminate on 31st March 2012. Also keeping in the mind the safety of her colleagues, she was asked to take â€Å"garden leave† wherein she was not needed to come to office during the notice period but would be paid for it. She was not happy with this and wanted to continue working. She has received an offer from Flare Missiles to work for them, provided she joins on the 1st of February 2012. She needs advise on whether she can successfully pursue a claim for unfair dismissal compensation against Cascade and whether she can lawfully accept flare's offer of employment. Unfair Dismissal Compensation The question of whether Clarissa can pursue a claim for unfair dismissal compensation will depend on whether it was an unfair dismissal. The fact that she was dismissed is clearly established in the facts of the case. She will be able to successfully claim the compensation if she can prove that the dismissal was an unfair one. If Precision Missiles had followed all the procedures and abided by the law, then she will not be able to claim the compensation as it will not be an unfair dismissal. First and foremost for Clarissa to have a right against unfair dismissal, she should have worked in the company for at least one year and Clarissa fulfils this requirement as she has been working for over 30 years in the company. Now, Clarissa has to be prove that the dismissal was unfair according to the Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98A(1) (‘Procedural fairness’)1 The Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98A(1) (‘Procedural fairness’) states that: A dismissal without completion of the standar d procedure (wholly or mainly attributable to the failure of the employer) will be unfair. Whether the dismissal was an unfair dismissal will depend on the 2 stage test that any an unfair dismissal must go through2. Stage One: The Reason Once the unfair dismissal compensation claim is made, the responsibility to show that dismissal was based on a reason falls on the employer3. In this case, Precision Missiles will argue that they had a fair reason to dismiss Clarissa. According to the Employment Rights Act of 1996, Section 98(2) they have to prove that their reason was a fair one. In the current scenario the reason for dismissal was negligence and carelessness in carrying out her responsibilities which are a part of her job profile. This was not a one distinct incident but was repeated twice and in both cases the consequences of her negligence could have been critical. In the first, incidence her negligence would directly impact negatively on the brand images that Precision Missiles had built with its client. This could seriously damage its image and affect future business. The second incidence if not rectified by her colleagues could have been a disaster for the company. Even though it was found out that her negligence would not have caused serious damage, a repetition of the incidence could have been critical. The above reason could be justified as a fair one by using

Workplace counselling and therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Workplace counselling and therapy - Essay Example Personal problem contributing to poor job performance are usually complex and multi-faceted. They often include issues that few supervisors are trained to handle - complicated issues like; Besides reducing cost associated with employee's personal problems, Nyack Hospital employee assistance program provides training for managers and supervisors to help then develop skill and confidence in resolving employee's performance issues. The program also offers additional training modules for management and staff on issues such as sexual harassment, promoting a drug-free work place, stress management, parenting and many other human resources development topics. The employee assistance program enhances existing benefit program and demonstrates company's commitment to and concern for its employees well being. Dollar for dollar Nyack Hospital's employee assistance program is one of the best investments an organization can make. Having a program like this one can help your organization contain cost in many important ways including; As above stated employees assistance program (EAP) is undertaken by few supervisors or specialists who are trained to handle complicated issues. These complicated issues are problems that employees undergo while working. They may arise from their homes or within their workplace. ... These complicated issues are problems that employees undergo while working. They may arise from their homes or within their workplace. The problem should be solved so that they don't interfere with an employee's. This is another reason why Nyack Hospital has endeavoured to provide this program for its employees. In this regard employees' assistance program addresses the following problems as stated above and explained in detail below. Stress at work. Stress means arousal o stimulus. This is a condition where an employee is disturbed by other factors either within workplace or external problems (An introduction to workplace counselling, J. McLeod, 2001) This condition does not allow the employee to concentrate in his work as his or her mind is divided. The condition affects both the employee and the organization. While in this state he or she being unable to perform affects the organization in terms of productivity. The general perception has been that stress in an organization occurs to middle level and junior employees. However, it starts right from the top. Senior managers are not superwomen or supermen; they also undergo stress at work. However, they learn the art of delegation by the time they read at the top. They have secretaries and assistants who help them The assumption that death, divorce and moving house are the three biggest causes of stress has been overtaken by office as the principal focus for stress. The biggest contributing factors to stress are: - Pressure to perform Fear of redundancy/job uncertainty Recession Change/pace of change Personal/home life Increased job load Excessive hours Maintaining quality. In general, organizations are

Reflecting On Swot Analysis Two Student Nurse Interviews Nursing Essay

Reflecting On Swot Analysis Two Student Nurse Interviews Nursing Essay you know you have got to lift the bar a little, because you are no longer a carer or a nursing assistant, your actual on your way up to being a nurse, obviously you have got to set an exampleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (from student F.) Incident: I was struck by Fs reflection on her own change in identity and awareness of internal drive to meet a standard. She was obviously struggling with this change process and aware of feeling vulnerable. I was surprised by her sharing this with me as she was a first year student nurse and this is a level of maturity in self awareness and reflection I might expect from a more senior student nurse or even from a newly qualified staff nurse. F. had spoken at the start of interview about trying to find her feet and perhaps feeling sensitive about things. I responded with active listening through the rest of the interview and with an effective summary question/ statement towards the end that allowed F. to talk about moving on to her next placement. F. was voicing the possibility of having a different outlook towards a new experience; almost as if she was recognising the beginnings of long process of change in becoming a professional nurse. Reflective observation: In my SWOT analysis of both interviews I conducted, I saw this as the obvious opportunity for a learning moment, both for F. herself and also for myself as an aspiring future mentor. My thought during the interview was that this was a precious moment for F in becoming a nurse; and did wonder how I should respond to her verbalisation of her thoughts and feelings. When I constructed the analysis this part stood out for me again as being a chance for myself to learn, perhaps how to become more effective as a mentor. My thoughts were how to cherish and help this kind of reflection in students in the future. I also wondered how rare these kind of conversations happened during nursing training. F. reflections that she shared with me, reminded me of my own training and how some staff nurses and charge nurses had stood out for me in the process of myself acquiring the identity as a nurse. There was a protective element here in that I wondered how F.s current reflective state could be nurtured and developed in her future placements. I wondered if she was aware herself of this change process and whether she would voice this in future with her mentors and tutors. It might be possible for F. and similar students to ignore and keep quiet about vulnerabilities and internalise this change process. If mentors were open to listening and gently questioning about becoming a nurse then this might facilitate growth and awareness of the nursing identity. I considered how it might be difficult to record this type of reflection in the CAP booklet, even though the booklet explicitly encourages the use of reflection. A mentor would have to develop excellent reflective skills in order to facilitate these skills in students, and perhaps become sensitive to these opportunities for reflection arising early in the programme of nursing education. A possibility for mentors would be to use the mid and end placement meetings with students. So that as well as assessing competencies and professional role development; there could be a place to gently discuss and reflect on identity as a nurse. As well as this it might be possible for students to keep a reflective diary during placement and regularly meet with the mentor to discuss issues as they arose. There might be some reluctance for both mentor and student to explore these areas as this is very much about personal identity and occurs during a period of learning and developing in many different aspects as a nurse. Reflection might well be different for a very experienced and skilled staff nurse who is confident in their own capabilities and skills. Related Theory: Some elements of theory relating to developing as a reflective practitioner within modern nursing will be analysed in the following section. The path to becoming a nurse, can involve sharing feelings and asking for support and finding ways to handle emotions (Jarvis and Gibson, 2001). There can be an inherent vulnerability during the process of socialisation where the values and attitudes, that allow the nurse to function in his or her role within the health care system, are in a state of flux and change (Morton-Cooper and Palmer, 2000). The mentor ideally should create a warm, genuine supportive relationship based on trust and sound interpersonal skills (Jarvis and Gibson, 2001). This must be fundamental to facilitating reflection upon personal and professional identity as a nurse. Gardiner (2003) introduces the idea of professional friendship to the role of being a mentor where listening, giving of recognition and challenging are added to the friend type relationship. Some barriers to facilitating reflection on attitudes and self awareness can lie in the multi faceted role of the mentor. The mentor role is flexible and may have to cover a number of parts and elements; some of which may be contradictory. Two possibly opposing roles are informal teacher and guide and also assessor of professional competence especially with a student that is struggling or failing. So it may be difficult to add to this list that of confidant and counsellor in the broadest sense (Jarvis and Gibson, 2001). The traditional concept of being professional could hinder openness for student nurses. There is a traditional view of keeping a professional distance and restraint in health care which may not encourage the expression of feelings and vulnerabilities for student nurses. However, Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) argue there is some growing evidence of the importance of developing emotional work as a critical element to caring, where this is described as emotional literacy, or perhaps in plain English terms as being able to express feelings appropriately, safely and effectively. Jarvis and Gibson (2001) discuss the teacher- learner relationship as being hierarchical and the teacher having authority versus creating an inclusive, informal teaching relationship that encourages open reflection and critical thinking. There may be some difficulty for the student to reflect and be vulnerable and open about their changing identity where there is a strict authoritarian relationship (Jarvis and Gibson, 2001). However, the nurse can develop authority based on professionalism and skills and knowledge that is legitimised by colleagues and students. This also relates to the element of mentorship in being a positive role model for student nurse (Jarvis and Gibson, 2001). Morton-Cooper and Palmer (2000) state the idea of the adult learner who directs their own learning and is in a process of becoming rather than being shaped into a role. There are some ways to facilitate reflective practice and awareness. Donovan (2007) suggests using a formal reflective tool and a diary can be useful. Reflective discussion with peers and mentors also can be helpful. Trust is an important element in making reflection effective in clinical placement. Levett-Jones (2007) suggests the idea of using narratives in self assessment. Case study or narratives may be more suitable to exploring practice, assessing competencies and skills. However, this could be a starting point in developing reflective skills and a language of emotional literacy. The value of narrative could lie in allowing direction by the mentor for the beginning nurse while being flexible during nursing education. There is also the value of providing a personal and persistent record for assessment and evaluation (Levett-Jones, 2007). Some of difficulties have been examined that there may arise in developing as a reflective practitioner and how a mentor may help. There has been a short consideration of some of the possible tools such as diaries and narratives which may help in the learning process. Future Action: To be a more effective mentor, I would consider using a formal reflective tool such as Marks-Maran and Rose (1997) while mentoring students. This will be familiar to student nurses as it is used in the University of Dundee and in NHS Fife. I would try and use it more explicitly during planned learning programmes. Further I would consider some strategies to encourage reflective discussion amongst students. Some ideas might be planned case studies involving one or more students. A structured and open discussion with a student about attitudes and professional roles may be useful at mid and end placement, although I would be tempted to arrange this after assessment and filling in competencies in the CAP booklet. I t would probably be ideal to have this at separate time as students appear to be anxious about completing their booklets. Lastly, I may trial the use of narrative and or diaries to help with assessment of learning to see if this can promote reflection by students I will be working with.

Equity Feminism for the Next Generation :: Feminism Feminist

Still Enduring: Equity Feminism for the Next Generation Webster defines feminism as both "the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes" and "organized activity on the behalf of women's rights and interests" (Webster 418). Equality of the sexes (in terms of rights) and the furthering of women's rights are seemingly positive aspirations; yet people tend to describe feminism using negative terms, and feminism today has acquired a bad reputation. "Radical" and "extremists" are adjectives commonly applied to feminism as a whole, when, in truth, feminists who adopt extreme positions constitute the minority. Moreover, these "gender feminists," or "militant feminists," as many call them, although they receive the most public attention because of their aggressive tactics and high visibility, alienate people in broadcasting their views. Their goal, to create a "sentimental priesthood" that will achieve collective power and retribution as oppressed "victims" of a white-male supremacy, seems unreasonable (Himmelfarb 20). In contrast, "equity feminists," or "academic feminists," embrace the basic principles of feminism. They celebrate women's achievements, work for the individual rights of all women, and, as Christina Hoff Sommers aptly says, "want for women what they want for everyone, equal protection under the law" (Himmelfarb 20). Though not all feminists agree on how to reach this goal, most argue for a reasonable, realistic, and positive method. By contrasting the differing feminist ideas of writers like Adrienne Rich, Gertrude Himmelfarb, and Camille Paglia, one defines a winning brand of feminism: a philosophy founded on equity feminist ideology and dedicated to the achievement of social, political, economic, and intellectual reform. David Thomas and Camille Paglia, two contemporary cultural critics concerned with gender issues, share the belief that men and boys have aggressive tendencies that women must learn to understand and live with. Thomas, in his essay "The Mind of Man," asserts that women should accept boys' nature: "Boys are not on the whole, docile creatures who wish to live in harmony with one another, but are, instead, highly competitive, physically energetic creatures who hunt in packs" (341). Paglia shares this view: "There are some things we cannot change...hunt, pursuit, and capture are biologically programmed into male sexuality. Generation after generation, men must be educated, refined, and ethically persuaded away from their tendency toward brutishness" (50-51). Because Paglia believes that man's nature is inherently aggressive and poses a danger to women, she maintains that feminism of the academic type gives women a false sense of equality and ease.

How Does Robespierre Justify the Use of Terror?

What began as a march to Versailles to acquire King Louis XVI’s attention to end the grievances of the general population in 1789, soon spiraled into what became known as The French Revolution. With the execution of Louis XVI in 1973, this new â€Å"regime† still had many problems to overcome including the continuing war that constantly needed men and money. The National Convention (which was created in 1792 as part of a campaign to convert France into a constitutional monarchy) amid high pressures, decided to set in place a centralized government which provided everyone with food, support and direct the war effort, and punish counterrevolutionaries (611). Headed by Maxmilien Robespierre, this new government was based on the principles of virtue, in which the government sought to educate and/or force the citizens to become virtuous. Inspired by enlightenment thinkers Montesquieu and Rousseau, he believed in the importance of a government by terror. Robespierre justified his beliefs by saying stuff like: â€Å"To punish the oppressors of humanity is clemency; to forgive them is barbarity. † So began what is now known as the Reign of terror. Robespierre strictly believed that â€Å"terror† would set the citizens in place; with this terror, the public along with the upper class could be controlled. This so called terror was blanketed with the idea of nationalist pride- pride in their nation, backed by songs, posters, books, engravings, paintings, sculptures, and slogans (615). Robespierre justified his regime by constantly exclaiming that virtue was born from terror. Robespierre said, â€Å"The government in a revolution is the despotism of liberty against tyranny. â€Å" Although this quote seems confusing at first, further studied despotism is another word for tyranny or dictatorship, which basically means that a government in revolution is the tyranny of liberty against tyranny- the tyranny of freedom over tyranny. Before his reign, the guillotine was used for only nobles condemned to death and commoners were usually hanged, but when in power it was Robespierre’s instrument of choice when it came to dealing with the people that disagreed with him or was a threat to the government. Also created was a Committee of Public Safety, which sent deputies on missions to purge unreliable officials and organize the war effort (612). Of course, with every regime, there is always a resistance. In this case, many were unhappy and showed their unhappiness. Soon it all turned into a civil war with the appearance of many counterrevolutionary armies and uprisings. â€Å"Across the country, the official Terror cost the lives of at least 40,000 French people, and as many as 300,000 (1/5 of the French people) went to prison as suspects between March 1793 and August 1794 (619). Robespierre was overthrown on July 27 of 1794 and was executed the next day on the guillotine. Some 150 years later, we saw more leaders who possessed the same ideologies: Stalin, who himself launched what was known as The Great Purge to get rid of people accused of treachery and treason in the Communist Party and Hitler, who rose to power by initially winning the hearts of people by starting a new movement totally different from the movement. Today, we see the same agenda on the minds of terrorists. Since a great deal of the human population have a greater understanding of democracy and many are democratic nations, it isn’t common to see a leader who will take complete charge, become a dictator and issue a reign of terror. There are, of course, many militant groups that form and commit acts of terrorism with the thought that â€Å"fear will instill virtue. † These days, people are more resistant to being forced to do something, even if it is violent. There will be a great resistance and the people who attempt to use fear to instill virtue will be put on most wanted and threat lists by many nations.

Practice Final Exam Eng-092

Practice Final Exam Eng-092 Part 1: In this section of the final exam, you will be asked questions about Active Reading Strategies. You will need to know the definitions of each one in order to answer the questions on the final exam. As a way of preparing, test your knowledge of each strategy by defining or describing each one in the space below. Prediction – making educated guesses; guessing about thoughts, events, outcomes, and conclusions. Predictions are confirmed or denied, and the reader makes new predictions.Questioning/Wondering – ask questions based on material in the text. Read with an eye toward finding answers to questions. Summarizing – putting a text’s main ideas and main supporting points into one’s own words. Visualizing – words and ideas on the page trigger mental images that relate directly or indirectly to the material. Making Connections – relate existing knowledge to new information in the text Part 2: Read the fol lowing passage in the left column. In the Think-Aloud section in the right column, read the thoughts of someone who has already read this passage.Next, in each blank, identify the reading strategy this reader activated while reading the passage, â€Å"Chicago and Cleveland. † Chicago and Cleveland (1) Chicago, at the southern tip of Lake Michigan, is a port city. (2) It is also an important commercial (3) and industrial center of the Midwest. It is well known for its educational, cultural, and recreational centers. Chicago draws thousands to its concert halls, art museums, and sports arenas. (4) Cleveland, on the south shore of Lake Erie, is also a port city and a commercial and industrial center important to its area (5). Feature Article Fin 486 Final ExamLike Chicago, it has several important educational, cultural, and recreational centers. It has colleges and universities, and a distinguished (6) symphony orchestra. It has one of the finest art museums of the world, and many recreational centers. The location of the two cities contributed to their growth, but this similarity is not enough to explain the wide social diversity(7) (8). [Adapted from Smith, Breaking Through, 7th edition, p. 191] Think-Aloud (1) As I read the title, I ask myself if it’s a passage about how Chicago and Cleveland are alike. – PREDICTION 2) I can imagine ships docking at the ports. – VISUALIZING (3) Does â€Å"commercial† mean â€Å"business†? – QUESTIONING/WONDERING (4) I have been to many of the concert halls, museums, and sports arenas in Chicago. – MAKING CONNECTIONS (5) It seems like the author is going to compare Chicago and Cleveland. – PREDICTION (6) What does the word â€Å"distinguished† mean? – QUESTIONING/WONDERING (1) I’m confused by the words â€Å"social diversity. † I reread the sentence, and realize the author is not just comparing the locations, but the social opportunities in both cities. – QUESTIONING/WONDERING (2) 3) This passage explains how these two cities have so much in common. It’s not only their locations that make them alike, it’s also their social diversity. – SUMMARIZING (4) Part 3: In this section, while reading the following passage, record the reading strategies you apply in order to construct meaning in the Think-Aloud column. Identify and explain each of the strategies you apply and indicate the number of the paragraph in which you apply each strategy. Write notes in the margin and underline parts of the text as you read, to help show your strategies. Beauty and the BeefWhen was the last time you opened a carton in a fast food restaurant and found a hambur ger as appetizing as the ones in the TV commercials? On television the burger is a magnificent piece of flame-broiled beef. It is topped with crisp lettuce, bright and delicious red tomatoes, tangy onions, and plump pickles. All of this is between two halves of a gigantic sesame seed bun. But of course, the real-life Whoppers can’t compare to what you see on TV. (Par. 1) When making a Burger King commercial, an advertising agency spends at least one full day filming the food.A food stylist prepares the frozen beef patties for the camera. The filming crew first spends two hours setting up lights that will flatter the burger. The stylist begins burning â€Å"flame broiling stripes† into the hamburger patties by using a special branding iron. The stylist then paints the stripes with a dark steak sauce. Next, the stylist sprinkles salt on the burger so that when it passes over the flames, natural juices will rise to the meat’s surface. (Par. 2) Once branded, retouch ed, and juiced, the director films the burgers from different angles as they move along a conveyor-belt broiler.When the meat is broiled, blood rises to the surface in small pools. The stylist dabs at the bubbling blood with a Q-tip so that is doesn’t look undesirable to TV viewers. (Par. 3) Before the patty passes over the flame a second time, the stylist maneuvers a small electric heater about an inch above the burger. This heats up the natural fatty juices until they begin to steam and sizzle. Otherwise, puddles of grease will cover the meat. (Par. 4) Think-Aloud (page one) (Par. 1) PREDICTION (Par. 2) VISUALIZING (Par. 3) QUESTIONING/WONDERING (Par. 4) MAKING CONNECTIONSIf you look at a real Whopper closely, you’ll discover that the flame-broiling stripes are only on the top side of the beef patty. Hamburgers are sent through the flame-broiler once and never flipped over. But on television commercials, the beef patty is fetchingly covered with flame-broiled stripes . (Par. 5) The camera crew has five or ten seconds to capture a good, sizzling, beef patty on film. After that, the hamburger starts to shrink quickly. Out of one day’s work, an agency hopes to get five seconds of film footage. Most of the time the patties are too raw, bloody, greasy, or small. (Par. ) In the final shot of the filming, the stylist has carefully nudged and manicured the ingredients so that they sit just right on the top of the burger. The lettuce and juicy red tomatoes are cut, trimmed, and then piled on top of a cold, cooked hamburger patty. It is then sprayed with a mist of glycerin to make it glisten. Finally, the hamburger is topped with a sesame-seed bun. The stylist positions each seed on the bun. He dips a toothpick in glue and, with a tweezers, places about 300 seeds, one by one, onto a bun. When it’s over, the crew packs up the equipment, and seventy-five hamburgers are dumped in the garbage. Par. 7) [Adapted from Smith, The Lifelong Reader, 20 04, pp. 163-165] Think-Aloud (page two) (Par. 5) MAKING CONNECTIONS (Par. 6) VISUALIZING (Par. 7) SUMMARIZING Part 4: Thesis Statement and Main Idea. Reread the passage on Beauty and the Beef. This time, however, you will first identify the stated or unstated main idea of each paragraph. Second, state the thesis statement of the passage. Beauty and the Beef When was the last time you opened a carton in a fast food restaurant and found a hamburger as appetizing as the ones in the TV commercials?On television the burger is a magnificent piece of flame-broiled beef. It is topped with crisp lettuce, bright and delicious red tomatoes, tangy onions, and plump pickles. All of this is between two halves of a gigantic sesame seed bun. But of course, the real-life Whoppers can’t compare to what you see on TV. (Par. 1) When making a Burger King commercial, an advertising agency spends at least one full day filming the food. A food stylist prepares the frozen beef patties for the camera. The filming crew first spends two hours setting up lights that will flatter the burger.The stylist begins burning â€Å"flame broiling stripes† into the hamburger patties by using a special branding iron. The stylist then paints the stripes with a dark steak sauce. Next, the stylist sprinkles salt on the burger so that when it passes over the flames, natural juices will rise to the meat’s surface. (Par. 2) Once branded, retouched, and juiced, the director films the patties from different angles as they move along a conveyor-belt broiler. When the meat is broiled, blood rises to the surface in small pools. The stylist dabs at the bubbling blood with a Q-tip so that is doesn’t look undesirable. Par. 3) Before the patty passes over the flame a second time, the stylist maneuvers a small electric heater about an inch above the burger. This heats up the natural fatty juices until they begin to steam and sizzle. Otherwise, puddles of grease will cover the meat. (Par. 4) If you look at a real Whopper closely, you’ll discover that the flame-broiling stripes are only on the top side of the beef patty. Hamburgers are sent through the flame-broiler once and never flipped over. But on television commercials, the beef patty is fetchingly covered with flame-broiled stripes. Par. 5) The camera crew has five or ten seconds to capture a good, sizzling, beef patty on film. After that, the hamburger starts to shrink quickly. Out of one day’s work, an agency hopes to get five seconds of film footage. Most of the time the patties are too raw, bloody, greasy, or small. (Par. 6) In the final shot of the filming, the stylist has carefully nudged and manicured the ingredients so that they sit just right on the top of the burger. The lettuce and juicy red tomatoes are cut, trimmed, and then piled on top of a cold, cooked hamburger patty.It is then sprayed with a mist of glycerin to make it glisten. Finally, the hamburger is topped with a sesame-seed b un. The stylist positions each seed on the bun. He dips a toothpick in glue and, with a tweezers, places about 300 seeds, one by one, onto a bun. When it’s over, the crew packs up the equipment, and about seventy-five hamburgers are dumped in the garbage. (Par. 7) [Adapted from Smith, The Lifelong Reader, 2004, pp. 163-165] A. Identify the main idea of each paragraph. (Par. 1) There is a difference between what we see in TV commercials and reality when it comes to fast food. Par. 2) â€Å"When making a Burger King commercial, an advertising agency spends at least one full day filming the food. † (Par. 3) Great effort is made during filming to remove anything that the TV viewer would find unappetizing. (Par. 4) Great effort is made during filming to ensure that the food’s worst characteristic—fat—is removed from the commercial. (Par. 5) The biggest difference between TV and reality is that the real burgers have grill marks on only one side because r eal burgers are never flipped, while the commercial shows the burger being flipped over an open flame. Par. 6) The agency hopes to get five seconds of footage, but most of the time, the burgers show their true nature: they’re too raw, bloody, greasy, or small. (Par. 7) While huge efforts are made to make the burger look as delicious as possible, at the end of the day, a massive amount of food waste is the main result of making a TV commercial. B. State the thesis of this passage. TV commercials for fast food use hours of studio time, specialized techniques, and nearly one hundred real burgers to create an unrealistically ppetizing image of a fatty, greasy product: it’s all about appearances, while reality is ugly and filming is wasteful. Part 5: Answer the following comprehension and vocabulary questions by circling a, b, c, or d. 1. The author explains that most of the work on the burgers being filmed in the commercials is done by a a. professionally trained food styl ist. b. chef. c. make-up artist. d. special-effects person. 2. The author explains that, while salting the patties encourages natural juices to rise to the meat’s surface, it also a. makes the burgers inedible. b. darkens the meat. c. auses blood to rise to the surface in small pools. d. dries out the meat. 3. The author’s point of view seems to be that a. advertising is an exciting field, requiring the work of many specialists and experts. b. the making of a fast-food commercial is expensive, wasteful, and not particularly honest. c. Burger King’s ads are works of genius. d. people should not eat hamburgers, no matter how good they look on TV. 4. The author explains that the hamburger in the final shot looks so perfect for all of the following reasons except a. the ingredients are put onto the front part of the burger. . the food stylist has carefully glued each sesame seed on the bun. c. burger is sprayed with glycerine. d. the burger is actually made with 50% more beef. 5. Hundreds of beef patties are wasted during the filming of a commercial. a. True b. False c. Can’t tell from the information given in the passage. 6. â€Å"and found a hamburger as appetizing† (Par. 1) In this sentence, appetizing means a. tempting b. nutritious c. large d. shiny 7. â€Å"Thus branded, retouched, and juiced† (Par. 3) In this sentence, retouched means a. dabbed b. made-up or improved c. cooked d. andled 8. â€Å"the food stylist maneuvers a small electric heater† (Par. 4) In this sentence, maneuvers means a. encounters b. designs c. purchases d. moves into place 9. â€Å"fetchingly covered with flame-broiled strips† (Par. 5) In this sentence, fetchingly means a. completely b. attractively c. visibly d. carefully 10. â€Å"carefully nudged and manicured the ingredients† (Par. 7) In this sentence, manicured means a. handled b. repaired c. painted with polish d. carefully trimmed Part 6: Answer the following multip le choice questions by circling a, b, or c. 1. â€Å"Who’s† is a. ossessive case of root word, showing that third person owns or possesses something b. contraction of root word and â€Å"is† c. possessive pronoun, meaning that second person owns or possesses something 2. â€Å"Wear† is a. past tense of â€Å"are† b. in what place? c. to have on one’s body 3. â€Å"Their† is a. contraction of root word and â€Å"are† b. possessive pronoun, meaning that a third person owns or possesses something c. location 4. â€Å"Cite† is a. sense of vision b. a place or location c. to credit a source 5. â€Å"Since† is a. because b. money or change c. to feel, hear, taste, see, or smell somethingPart 7: Write a thesis statement, including your main supporting points, for the following topics: (Answer Key Note: Student should write an argumentative thesis statement that, crucially, includes several supporting points explaining hi s/her stance. ) 1. The United States should/should not place a â€Å"fat tax† on foods that have a low nutrition-to-calorie ratio. The United States should place a â€Å"fat tax† on foods that have a low nutrition-to-calorie ratio because people who eat those foods often are at a greater risk for terminal diseases, so paying more for the food might help them to make better choices for their health. 2.Physician-assisted suicide should/should not be an option for terminally ill people. Physician-assisted suicide should be an option for terminally ill people because our prohibition on end-of-life choice is based on religious superstition and denies free, conscious adults a basic right to dictate how they live their lives until the end of life. 3. Every country in the world should/should not enforce a two-child limit on parents. Every country in the world should enforce a two-child limit on parents because the human population is growing out of control and humans are destr oying the environment for all other creatures—and ourselves.Part 8: Read the following sentences and decide how you can order them in order to create a strong organization for a paragraph. 1. To illustrate, a French male is likely to stand closer to you than a British male, even if they had equally positive attitudes toward you. 2. A set of useful guidelines has been developed for estimating how close to stand to another person (at least in many cultures). 3. Cultural differences must be kept in mind in interpreting nonverbal cues. Answere: 3, 2, 1

The Rise of Municipal Police Forces essays

The Rise of Municipal Police Forces essays While the history of American policing can be traced to its English origins, the American system of policing evolved from an amalgamation of systems from England, France, and Spain. Many policing problems plagued the new cities of America. They included controlling certain classes, including slaves and Indians; maintaining order; regulating specialized functions such as selling in the market, delivering goods, making bread, packing goods for export; maintaining health and sanitation; ensuring the orderly use of the streets by vehicles; controlling liquor; controlling gambling and vice; controlling weapons; managing pests and other animals (Nalla These early police services had little to do with crime control, and were performed by volunteer citizens who served on slave patrols or Night Watches. Policing became formalize with the adoption of regular night watches, manned by volunteers that ultimately culminated in paid forces that provided service around the clock. These forces underwent reform that professionalized (bureaucratized) and attempted to depoliticize the police. In this process, police narrowed their mandate to crime-fighting, and motorized patrol replaced foot patrol with the police rapidly adopting more modern technology. The bulk of modern police history shows that each succeeding advance inadvertently distanced the police further and further from the people they ostensibly served. Each effort to improve police efficiency and effectiveness was a response to an obvious social problem, but few recognized the downside to each change was increasing isolation from the community. Though the system had serious flaws , night watches functioned fairly well as long as America remained primarily an agrarian society. However, at the turn of the nineteenth century, the drawbacks were becoming difficult to ignore. One major problem was that local watchmen were notoriously lax, ...

Find an Antipode on the Opposite Side of Earth

Find an Antipode on the Opposite Side of Earth An antipode is the point on the opposite side of the Earth from another point - the place youd end up if you were able to dig directly through the Earth. Unfortunately, if you try to dig to China from most places in the U.S., you would end up in the Indian Ocean as the Indian Ocean contains most of the antipodes for the United States. How to Find an Antipode When locating your antipode, recognize that youll be flipping hemispheres in two directions. If youre in the Northern Hemisphere then your antipode will be in the Southern Hemisphere. And, if youre in the Western Hemisphere then your antipode will be in the Eastern Hemisphere.   Here are some steps to manually compute an antipode.   Take the  latitude  of the place for which you want to find the antipode and convert it to the opposite hemisphere. Well use Memphis as an example. Memphis is located at approximately 35 ° North latitude. The antipode of Memphis will be at 35 ° South latitude.Take the  longitude  of the place for which you want to find the antipode and subtract the longitude from 180. Antipodes are always 180 ° of longitude away. Memphis is located at approximately 90 ° West longitude, so we take 180-9090. This new 90 ° we convert to degrees East (from the Western Hemisphere to the Eastern Hemisphere, from degrees west of Greenwich to degrees east of Greenwich) and we have our location of Memphis antipode - 35 °S 90 °E, which is in the Indian Ocean far to the west of Australia. Digging Through the Earth From China So where exactly are the antipodes of China? Well, lets compute the antipode of Beijing. Beijing is located at approximately 40 ° North and 117 ° East. So with step one above, we are looking for an antipode that is 40 ° South (converting from Northern Hemisphere to Southern Hemisphere). For step two we want to move from the Eastern Hemisphere to the Western Hemisphere and subtract 117 ° East from 180 and the result is 63 ° West. Therefore, the antipode of Beijing is located in South America, near Bahia Blanca, Argentina. Antipodes of Australia   How about Australia? Lets take an interestingly named place right in the middle of Australia - Oodnadatta, South Australia. It is the home of the highest recorded temperature on the continent. Its located near 27.5 ° South and 135.5 ° East. So were converting from Southern Hemisphere to Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere to Western Hemisphere. From step one above we turn 27.5 ° South to 27.5 ° North and take 180-135.544.5 ° West. Therefore the antipode of Oodnadatta is located in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. Tropical Antipode The antipode of  Honolulu, Hawaii, located in the middle of the Pacific Ocean is located in Africa. Honolulu is located near 21 ° North and 158 ° West. Thus the antipode of Honolulu is located at 21 ° South and (180-158) 22 ° East. That antipode of 158 ° West and 22 ° East is in the middle of Botswana. Both locations are within the tropics but Honolulu is located near the Tropic of Cancer while Botswana lies along the Tropic of Capricorn.   Polar Antipodes Finally, the antipode of the North Pole is the South Pole and vice-versa. Those antipodes are the easiest on the Earth to determine. Dont want to do the math yourself? Check out​ this  Antipodes Map.

Case Study of the Changes in Farming and Industries in Northampton

Case Study of the Changes in Farming and Industries in Northampton Introduction The objective of this project is to define revolution in a political/social context and to explain in two sections the processes of the Industrial and Agricultural revolutions in England. I have take the opportunity to study the effects of the Industrial revolution in Northampton. This project is written in five main sections. The first will define revolution. The second section will discuss the Agricultural revolution, providing statistics, and discussing the cause and effect of the Agricultural revolution in England. It will also explain what happened in the Agricultural revolution and what changed, explaining how farming methods changed. The third section will discuss the Industrial revolution and its cause and effects. It will show the effects of factory working on the social structure of English life. The fourth section provides an example of the industrial age in Northampton a town that had made shoes for hundreds of years and how the Industrial revolution effected its shoe making techniques. My conclusion, summarises the project and argues if revolution is a good thing and if the effect it had on England changed it for the better or the worse. It will also show the where all the information has come from, (references). 2. What is Revolution? There have been revolutions throughout the history of civilisation and England has not been the only country to experience revolution though they take different forms. From America to Russia there have been revolutions, changing the world we live in today. Some have been violent and claimed many lives and others have just been changes in the way we live and how our community functions. A revolution can be, violent although a revolution is a change of some kind and does not have to be violent. A revolution could be a change in the social structure of a community, a change in political power and government structure, or a religious change. A revolution could also be an advance in industry or agriculture as featured in this project. A revolution can be a sign of discontent or civil disobedience although if a peaceful revolution is taking place, people who do not like what is happening sometimes become violent and cause trouble. The revolt or change must be successful to be a revolution, after a revolution everybody lives in an idealistic dream, but it does not work because the winning party (s) split and the goals fade and a totalitarian regime can take control. After this happens the entire social structure is changed and the community can often end up worse than it was before the revolution began. Plato defined a revolution as; Any attempt by subordinate groups through the use of violence to bring about; 1) A change of government or its policy. 2) A changed of regime 3) A change of society, whether this attempt is justified by reference to past conditions or to an as yet unattained future ideal. The term REVOLUTION is normally used to describe a rapid change, but this is not always so, as we will discover in this report. For example the Industrial Revolution happened over a number of years, and some could argue it took up to a century to finish but according to Platos definition this is not a revolution, but could be described as evolution. My final definition is; A revolution is a typically violent rapid change, in regime, a government or its policy, technology, science or in society. 3. The Agricultural Revolution 3.1 Why did it happen? Unlike many revolutions the Agricultural Revolution worked as an incremental change, one thing happened, which then led to the next and the next. It began in the 1700s with the first enclosure laws and scientists experimenting with new farming methods. Then better breeding techniques were developed, creating bigger and better livestock realising lasting economic benefits. Better farming methods came into action like crop rotation, and then machines, first horse drawn and then with the help of the Industrial Revolution, steam powered. Because of the Industrial Revolution people started moving from the country to the towns and here there was better personal hygiene and new medicines were discovered, bringing around a population increase. Because of fertilisers and better techniques prices dropped and food became easier to obtain, economic growth had begun. For 100s of years economic development had stood still, the modern growth era had begun. Before the 1700s there were few changes in farming but after 1700 people started to make changes to farming, with new scientific investigations, better plants were grown and animals bred. These main factors brought about the Agricultural Revolution and brought about a significant increase in wealth. Before the revolution there was one main farming technique and that was strip farming. This kind of farming was when the land was divided into strips and each peasant had a strip of land to farm. This was not productive so land was fenced off, in 1495-1603 the first enclosure law was passed for sheep. A new law passed between 1750-1831 declared that land was to be farmed in large fields and fenced off. After the strips had been fenced off, crop rotation was used, this is when the crops on fields are changed each year, this provided food for cattle as well as stopping the need for a fallow year (when the land was left unused for a year to regain its nutrients). This was because certain cro ps planted put important elements back into the soil. Crop rotation worked in this way; wheat, root crop, barley, clover. The wheat was used for making bread and feeding people, the root crop was mainly turnips, which would mainly been used for cattle feed, then barley which would have been used for cattle feed as well as for humans, and then clover was planted, the main crop for replacing vital elements in the soil. During the agricultural revolution three million hectares of land was enclosed and farmed with crop rotation. The Agricultural Revolution experienced a number of new inventions and animal breeds. In 1799 Joseph Boyce invented the reaper and in 1701 Jethro Tull invented the horse drawn drill. This invention changed farming for the better, instead of ploughing the land and then just scattering the seeds it ploughed the seeds into the land and covered them. By 1790 the first threshing machines were developed first powered by horse and then by steam. New fertilisers were used like guano, lime gypsum, sandy clay and marl. In 1793 the agricultural society was established and in 1741-1820 Arthur Young informed Europe and America of Englands new discoveries. In 1710 the average weight of cattle was 144Kg but by 1795 it had nearly trebled to 360Kg. Wealthy landowners like Thomas Coke, Earl of Leicester, encouraged experimental breeding of sheep and cattle, to produce new, improved, more profitable strains. Every year Coke held a grand assembly at Holkham Hall, his country house. Guests came from all over Europe to discuss new farming ideas. This following quote outlines the main changes of English farming; to give a review of the husbandry which makes this country so famous. Great improvements have been made by means of the following: First: by enclosing without the assistance of Parliament. Second: by the use of marl (powered rock and lime) the clay. Third: rotation of crops: i) turnips; ii) barley; iii) clover; iv) wheat. Fourth: by the culture of turnips well hand-hoed. Fifth: by the culture of clover and ray-grass. Sixth: by the landlords granting long leases. Seventh: by the country being divided into large farms. From The Farmers Tour, Arthur Young, 1771 This source shows the use of machinery on the farms; Machinery was just coming into use on the land. Every autumn appeared as the farmer owned was horse-drawn and was only in partial use. In some fields a horse-drawn drill would sow the seed in rows, in other a human sower would walk up and down with a basket and fling the seed with both hands broadcast. In harvest time, the mechanical reaper was a familiar sight, but it only did a small part of the work. Flora Thompson Lark Rise to Candletord In the 1700s there was only a small population in England mainly in the south west and east Anglia but by 1901 the populati on was spread over the entire country, including Scotland and Wales with most areas with over 520 people per square mile. Between 1801 and 1851 the urban population had doubled and by 1901 it had almost doubled again because of the increasing birth-rate and migration from the country to the towns. The population also increased because between 1870 and 1914 the male and female death rates rapidly dropped. Families became smaller and from 1900 child death rates dropped too. Because of the population increase and dropping prices in farming food prices dropped and farmers became more wealthy and prosperous. There was less competition from abroad and because of a higher population more food was needed. Colonies made plantations in Africa, Asia, Pacific and the Caribbean and soon the first cash crops were made like coffee, tea, bananas and rubber. 3.2 Who lost out? There were few people who lost out in the Agricultural revolution but when the fields were changed from strips to fields the peasants lost their land and often their jobs. They often revolted in small numbers but there was never a full scale battle between the authorities and the peasants. The peasant farmers also lost out when the machines like the tractor were invented and there was less need for human labour and so man y peasants were made redundant. Who Gained? Many of the rich land lords were the main people to gain. They had large areas of land which before were unproductive and did not make them very much money, but when the new farming methods and fertilisers were introduced the land became more productive and the profits rose which made them happy and they could then afford to experiment in breeding bigger, better animals as well as developing new farming techniques. The Industrial Revolution 4.1 Why did it happen? During the industrial revolution there was a huge increase of population which was mainly based in the cities and towns. The Urban population changed from housing a minority of the population in 1801 to housing the majority by 1881 (see charts below). In the early 1700s, most people worked at home, making the slow old traditional way, usually by hand. Men were carpenters, blacksmiths, and weavers, Others were farm labourers, who worked on the land to grow crops to feed their families. Women worked in the home, looked after the animals, cleaned sheep fleeces, and spun wool into yarn for clothes. By the middle of the 19th century, all this had changed, Many British people now lived in towns, and worked in large factories, or in shops, offices, railways and other businesses designed to serve the resident workers of the industrial centres. British inventors continued to develop new machines, which performed the traditional tasks of spinnin g and weaving much faster than by hand. Machines were also used to make iron and steel. These metals were in turn used to make more machines and also to make weapons and tools. Factories housing the new machines made Britain the workshop of the world (a common phrase used by foreign traders). Four main factors helped to bring this change: coal mining, a canal system, money and cheap labour. Coal was used to smelt iron and steel, and to make steam power to power the new machines. Barges carried bulky raw materials and finished goods along the canals. The profits from Britains colonies overseas and years of peace at home meant there were merchants who had money to invest in industry. Poor farm workers, tired of starvation flocked to the towns to find work although they were sometimes worse off than before (see 4.2). Many would still argue that we are still going through an industrial revolution, i.e. it is a progressive continuous change (evolution), that of the computer and space exploration. This extract is called: The marvel of a cotton-spinning factory, 1835 We see a building with a 100 horse power steam engine with the strength of 880 men, working 50, 000 spindles and all the auxiliary machines. It needs only 750 workers to produce as much yarn as would have been spun by 200,000 men: one man now produces as much as 260 did in the old days. History of Cotton, Edward Baines, 1835 The Revolution changed many things like; Textiles The first multi-reel spinning machines, the Spinning Jenny, was made by James Hargreaves in 1764. At first, it was powered by hand but soon the steam version was built. Mines The First steam engine built by Thomas Newcomen in 1712 was used to pump water out of the water logged mines. Steel The Ironworks at Coalbrookdale in England produced more iron than anywhere e lse in Europe. Others were transport, electricity, light bulb and many other new inventions. 4.2 Who lost out? It was the people that moved from the country to the city to find work, who had to live in small, grotty houses with disease and no proper sanitation but the children who moved with their parents suffered too. From the age of six they were in the cotton factories pulling wool etc. out of machines with no safety systems, but worst of all young children had to go down mines where they would be beaten and worked until they were close to dying. Although the adults did suffer, I believe they were the people who gained in the revolution as I will explain in the next section. My proof children lost our in the revolution: Children aged six or seven go down the pit at four in the morning and stay there for 11 or 23 hours a day. Their work is to open and shut the doors of the galleries when the trucks pass: for this the child sits by itself in a dark gallery for all those hours. The peasants moved from a healthy country farming practice, to labourers in unhealthy cities and put in small houses where there was barely one room per person. Who gained? I believe it was the rich entrepreneurs who gained because they had capital they could invest in large factories and they could use that investment to explore new ideas and make more money. Effects of Revolution in Northampton The industrial revolution brought with it new machines and new methods of shoe making . It brought people to the towns and it made city life much more popular. Work was available even though there where machines to help with the work as people were still needed to operate them as the computer had not been invented yet. Factories started to thrive and every day of the week except Sundays the factories were jam packed with people. The machines made work a great deal easier, as the work was so easy the people at the factories could double their out puts so making Northampton a growing city with people moving in to the town for the work and people visiting to buy their shoes. One of the first machines to change shoe making was the sewing machine changed to sewing leather so the needle and thread was not needed. They now had machines to place the insoles and soles and heels onto the shoe so the hammer and nail were made redundant as these machines took over. These machines were wonderful as it made the work a lot easier for the workers. The cutting of the leather didnt change as it was still done with a knife, this is the skilled job of the Tacker. The Industrial Revolution helped to bring a new wealth to Northampton. Owners of factories and the merchants amassed personal wealth from the shoe industry they built large houses in fashionable parts of the town like the race course and Abington Park. They built attractive factories and modern terraced houses for the shoe workers that still exist today even though most of the factories have long since closed. The houses for the workers formed new suburbs around the factories, which included schools, churches, and shopping streets. These areas formed the boundaries of the town until very recently and provided almost all the manufacturing jobs. Conclusion Were the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions really revolutions, or where they the beginning of a evolutionary process. We are still going through the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions, new farming methods are still being developed and new technologies are still being produced. I would argue that the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions were the beginning of an evolutionary process and not a revolution which according to many definitions is a rapid change, probably taking up to about three years. Was revolution a good thing for England? The Industrial and Agricultural revolutions were good things for the country as they gave England a new strength and knowledge that nobody else had. They helped the country expand and become more powerful, as well as strengthening our economy. The Agricultural Revolution reduced the risk of famine as the country was not well structured and food was now accessible to all. But who did these revolutions help? Well it definitely wasnt the peasants as they had to live in small cramped conditions with little privacy. They moved from farmers to industrial labourers and for that they had to pay the price of pollution, poor sanitation, long work hours, terrible working conditions. The only people that really benefited were the people with capital who invested their capital into the new factories. The Industrial Revolution helped make them money and that was all they wanted. So the Industrial and Agricultural Revolutions were good for the country and the men with capital, but they were not goo d for the peasant farmers who moved from the country. The information in this project has come from the following sources.

The Theory of Monopoly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Theory of Monopoly - Essay Example The fourth type of monopoly is, probably, the most important. It is the monopoly on ideas, that is, on the intellectual products; when this or that discovery is made, it is necessary to compensate the expenses and to have the patent, because otherwise the owner of the idea would not be able to compensate his expenses and to continue his experiments, thus temporary (at times, very durable) monopoly is created for the idea, which is the basis of the product. Antimonopoly laws in the USA have appeared at the end of the 19th century and have brought huge benefits, as they fostered competition, and competition in its turn favors not only the low prices of products, but also stimulates the manufacturer to decrease his expenses; to decrease the expenses he is obliged to carry out technological and technical innovations, - that is why the division of the usual monopolies led to the technical progress. After the World War II several large monopolies in Germany have been divided - the best example is in the chemical giant 'IG-Farben', which has been divided into several parts, now represented by the chemical companies 'BASF', 'Bayer' and 'Hoechst'. However, in general, such division in Europe was not usual. On the contrary, the process of statism, as it has happened with Renault Company in France, with their simultaneous enlargement, was widely spread in the European countries. European markets are formed according to the oligopoly principle, - automobile market is the bright example of such situation - several large companies constantly compete with each other; the same situation is in the sphere of pharmaceuticals and chemical products. There are several features, which are peculiar to the development of monopolies and... Antimonopoly laws in the USA have appeared at the end of the 19th century and have brought huge benefits, as they fostered competition, and competition in its turn favors not only the low prices of products but also stimulates the manufacturer to decrease his expenses; to decrease the expenses he is obliged to carry out technological and technical innovations, - that is why the division of the usual monopolies led to the technical progress. After the World War II, several large monopolies in Germany have been divided – the best example is the chemical giant ‘IG-Farben’, which has been divided into several parts, now represented by the chemical companies ‘BASF’, ‘Bayer’ and ‘Hoechst’. However, in general, such division in Europe was not usual. On the contrary, the process of statism, as it has happened with Renault Company in France, with their simultaneous enlargement, was widely spread in the European countries. European mar kets are formed according to the oligopoly principle, - automobile market is the bright example of such situation – several large companies constantly compete with each other; the same situation is in the sphere of pharmaceuticals and chemical products. There are several features, which are peculiar to the development of monopolies and competition at present time. The first tendency is the growing monopolization of the market; the scientific and technical revolution has caused the transition to the higher level of business enlargement (the uniting of organizations).

Nobel Prize Winner Harald zur Hausen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nobel Prize Winner Harald zur Hausen - Essay Example In 1969, he became a regular teaching and researching professor at the University of Wurzburg, and worked at the Institute for Virology. In 1972, he joined the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. In 1977, he moved on to the University of Freiburg as the head of the department of virology and hygiene. (nobelprize.org) Harald zur Hausen has been honored with Nobel Prize for discovering HPV vaccine. The specific field of Harald Zur Hausen of research is the erudition of oncoviruses. In 1976, he published the hypothesis that human papilloma virus plays a significant role in the cause of cervical cancer. Mutually with his coworkers, he identified HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancers in 1983-4. This research directly made possible the development of a vaccine which was launched in 2006. He is also attributed with discovery of the virus causing genital warts (HPV 6) and a monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus that is a close relative to a newly discovered human Merkel cell polyomavirus, as well as methods to immortalize cells with Epstein-Barr virus and to persuade replication of the virus using phorbol esters. His work on papillomaviruses and cervical cancer received an immense deal of scientific censure on initial presentation but afterward was confirmed and extended to other high-risk papilloma viruses. ( The Gairdner Foundation) He made HPV16 and HPV18 available to the scientific society.

Article Summary from OPM (Human Resources) Essay

Article Summary from OPM (Human Resources) - Essay Example It is imperative that each member should get the opportunity and involvement for the execution of task with great clarity in thoughts and means for its execution. It is essential that planning should be suitable, comprehensible as well as attainable. Moreover it is also required that the planning should be supple and possess helpful working documents rather than simple paper work. Monitoring: constant monitoring is imperative in the execution of tasks. This provides a feedback and hence directs the development for attaining the set goals. It is performed with respect to reviews obtained against the standards and a comparative study can be made with the desired amendments to avoid hindrances in accomplishing the targets. Developing: any successful organization will always encompass means that motivates its employee’s aptitude to work and the requirements of the recruits are constantly evaluated. This is through training, guidance and by opportunities to keep them abreast with the latest trends and technologies. These means provides overall development opportunities as well as promotes better performance, fortifies job-related skills and proficiencies. Through performance management, development abilities are further enhanced and deficiencies are overruled. This kind of management enhances improvements in performance and actions can be directed to promote triumph and efforts of successful employees. Rating: time to time appraisals not only enhance the performance but also let the organization know who the better performers are. This serves as a kind of motivation and always directs the staff to provide their best services. It is essential to assess the performance of the employees through performance management, goals are set and work is planned on a routine basis with great deal of feedback and hurdles. It also provides a way to overcome the problems and a

Food science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Food science - Essay Example Bacteria require their own chow to produce and increase. There are different kinds of bacteria, which contaminate the food. Each type of bacteria causing food poisoning would be studied along with the symptoms and treatment separately. There are approximately 74 million cases of food poisoning out of which 323,000 hospitalized and nearly 4000 die yearly in the U. S. alone. According to CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) food poisoning is common in all groups of ages but particularly the children and aged people are most vulnerable to face serious penalties from food poisoning. During 1990 to 1994 numbers of children suffering from food poisoning were approximately 73 million but during the period from1985 to 1989 number of suffering children were 81 million. According to an estimate 400 to 500 children in the U.S die annually from food poisoning. The probability of having food poisoning is in fact very small when the number of food poisoning cases in the population of 21.4 million in Australia. Exact statistics of food poisoning cases are really very difficult to gather because a lot of cases are easygoing and not reported. In the year 2003, the FSIC (Food Safety Information Council) anticipated about more than 4 million Australians experience food poisoning each year. This is obviously a very huge number and this issue needs our deep focus, it also specifies that about 0.03% of meals are infected forms of food poisoning. The most worrying thing about food poisoning is that it can be deadly. Two aged people died by eating infected beef in Victoria in Feb. 2007; another died from food poisoning in hospital this year. These kinds of incidents speed up the need to develop food safety standards. A report published in 2005 reveals that nearly 130 people die from food poisoning every year in Australia. Mostly food poisoning

What are the ethical responsibilities of American consumers Term Paper

What are the ethical responsibilities of American consumers - Term Paper Example Today's American economy stretches to every corner of the globe. It is the responsibility of the Senate to offer Enlightened Humanitarian conditions to the economic periphery. I am here today to remind the Senate committee about African human rights abuses which are unwittingly funded by American consumers through the trade of conflict minerals. The Senate first inspected the Congolese mineral trade in columbite-tantalite, cassiterite and wolframite in 2009. Senator Brownback sponsored S.891, titled â€Å"Congo Conflict Minerals Act.† This bill cites experts at humanitarian organizations, public health officials, economists and the United Nations. The consensus opinion condemns the Congolese mineral trade and the violence which it funds. The bill called for tighter economic control of conflict minerals in America. In the Congo, violent military forces are profiting from the trade in conflict minerals. These forces â€Å"continue to commit widespread human rights abuses† including â€Å"sexual violence and rape† (S.891, Sec. 2 (2), (4)). Sadly, the bill died in committee and American consumers have continued to unknowingly fund the violence in Africa. The Senate should do everything in its power to diminish the trade in conflict minerals. These actions should not be limited to economic sanctions, tariffs, political declarations or consumer education. This serious situation requires a broad approach based in the same Senate mandate that spurred humanitarian regulations of slaves, diamonds, child laborers and even green house gas emissions. Africa has long been the a source of raw materials for colonial nations. The Belgian King Leopold II first founded the Congo in the 19th century as a colonial asset. While Leopold's brutal regime was based in extracting rubber, the current crisis comes from military leaders funded by conflict minerals. (Polgreen). America consumes these materials as finished goods. Consumers must be made cognizant of the ec ological and human costs of this neo-Colonial relationship. New York Times columnist Lydia Polgreen described conflict minerals as â€Å"Africa's resource curse: The wealth is unearthed by the poor, controlled by the strong, then sold to a world largely oblivious of its origins† (Polgreen). Ethical consumers must be made aware of these origins. What can the Senate do to regulate American trade in conflict minerals? Two years ago, Senator Brownback would have required manufacturers which use conflict minerals to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission. (S. 891). In 2009, the primary concern was the identification of conflict minerals. Today we need to also educate American citizens about the humanitarian cost of consumption. Hopefully this knowledge will allow consumers to regulate their purchase of conflict minerals within the free market. While American consumers are often ethical, sometimes policymakers need to help define the nations economic scope, humanitari an obligations and ecological impact. America is an Enlightened nation with many trading partners. We are all responsible for the well being of the individuals who live on the periphery of our economic influence. We are quick to give philanthropic aid to African nations through the IMF and World Bank. On December 1 of this year, President Obama and this congress guaranteed $48 billion to Africa as part of the â€Å"President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.† This money will be spent over the next five years (Freeman). Our ethical consumption can mirror our humanitarian aid. Conflict minerals fund sexual violence in the Congo, here American consumption needs to be regulated in order line up with our

Conception of the Citizen in Book Three of Politics Essay

Conception of the Citizen in Book Three of Politics - Essay Example His area of study remains mostly the Greek states but he also includes as a part of his study the states that were in contact with Greece at that point of time. Aristotle was a part of ancient Greece and many of his worldviews may appear to be outdated and outmoded to any contemporary observer. However, the value of his contributions lies in the fact that they enabled a discussion of the relative worth of different modes of government. This played a great role in shaping future conceptions of governments and the state. The role of the citizen within such structures is also something that Aristotle discussed at length in his book. The importance of such discussions in the contemporary world lies in the fact that they enable the modern political commentator to be aware of the origins of democracy, which is the most favored form of government in today’s world. A deep understanding of the origins of this form of government and the earliest objections to it and the earliest appreci ations of it is necessary for the smooth working of democracies in today’s world. Aristotle’s understanding of these political structures and his meticulous research into the roots of the problems that he discusses reveals an urge to understand the problems of the Greek states and press for a solution. This displays an objective and non-mercenary approach to the problem of politics, something which may again serve as a model for present-day commentators. The concept of the role of the citizen in a state is what is discussed at length in Book three of Aristotle’s work, Politics. This paper shall seek to analyze the concept as it is put forward by Aristotle. The analysis in this paper shall also seek to understand the reasons that Aristotle may have in conceptualizing the citizen in the way that he does. The class leanings and the misogyny in the conceptions of the citizen that Aristotle holds shall be made clear in this paper. An attempt shall be made to look at the conditions in ancient Greece that made it necessary and in a certain sense, inevitable for Aristotle to hold the views that he does in Book three of Politics. The arguments that shall be used in this paper shall employ modern theoretical frameworks such as feminism and Marxism as well, for the analysis of Aristotle. Aristotle’s conception of the citizen depends greatly upon the kind of state that a person lived in. in certain cases, he argues that the very question of a person’s citizenship had to be questioned for it to be determined eventually whether he or she was a citizen or not. He details the characteristic of a democracy, an oligarchy and a monarchy and the merits and demerits of each, according to the role that the citizen was expected to play in each of these forms of government. Who would be considered to be a citizen and who would not, would also depend heavily upon the character of the government, according to Aristotle. Aristotle thus, destabilized th e notion of geographical citizenship. According to this notion, a person would be considered to be a citizen of a particular place as long as that person would be present within the geographical boundaries of that state. By doing so, Aristotle makes the status of citizenship extremely contingent upon the needs of the state and also upon the responsibilities and duties of the citizen towards the state. In this

What are the ethical responsibilities of American consumers Term Paper

What are the ethical responsibilities of American consumers - Term Paper Example Today's American economy stretches to every corner of the globe. It is the responsibility of the Senate to offer Enlightened Humanitarian conditions to the economic periphery. I am here today to remind the Senate committee about African human rights abuses which are unwittingly funded by American consumers through the trade of conflict minerals. The Senate first inspected the Congolese mineral trade in columbite-tantalite, cassiterite and wolframite in 2009. Senator Brownback sponsored S.891, titled â€Å"Congo Conflict Minerals Act.† This bill cites experts at humanitarian organizations, public health officials, economists and the United Nations. The consensus opinion condemns the Congolese mineral trade and the violence which it funds. The bill called for tighter economic control of conflict minerals in America. In the Congo, violent military forces are profiting from the trade in conflict minerals. These forces â€Å"continue to commit widespread human rights abuses† including â€Å"sexual violence and rape† (S.891, Sec. 2 (2), (4)). Sadly, the bill died in committee and American consumers have continued to unknowingly fund the violence in Africa. The Senate should do everything in its power to diminish the trade in conflict minerals. These actions should not be limited to economic sanctions, tariffs, political declarations or consumer education. This serious situation requires a broad approach based in the same Senate mandate that spurred humanitarian regulations of slaves, diamonds, child laborers and even green house gas emissions. Africa has long been the a source of raw materials for colonial nations. The Belgian King Leopold II first founded the Congo in the 19th century as a colonial asset. While Leopold's brutal regime was based in extracting rubber, the current crisis comes from military leaders funded by conflict minerals. (Polgreen). America consumes these materials as finished goods. Consumers must be made cognizant of the ec ological and human costs of this neo-Colonial relationship. New York Times columnist Lydia Polgreen described conflict minerals as â€Å"Africa's resource curse: The wealth is unearthed by the poor, controlled by the strong, then sold to a world largely oblivious of its origins† (Polgreen). Ethical consumers must be made aware of these origins. What can the Senate do to regulate American trade in conflict minerals? Two years ago, Senator Brownback would have required manufacturers which use conflict minerals to register with the Securities and Exchange Commission. (S. 891). In 2009, the primary concern was the identification of conflict minerals. Today we need to also educate American citizens about the humanitarian cost of consumption. Hopefully this knowledge will allow consumers to regulate their purchase of conflict minerals within the free market. While American consumers are often ethical, sometimes policymakers need to help define the nations economic scope, humanitari an obligations and ecological impact. America is an Enlightened nation with many trading partners. We are all responsible for the well being of the individuals who live on the periphery of our economic influence. We are quick to give philanthropic aid to African nations through the IMF and World Bank. On December 1 of this year, President Obama and this congress guaranteed $48 billion to Africa as part of the â€Å"President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief.† This money will be spent over the next five years (Freeman). Our ethical consumption can mirror our humanitarian aid. Conflict minerals fund sexual violence in the Congo, here American consumption needs to be regulated in order line up with our

Technological Advancements in Communication Essay Example for Free

Technological Advancements in Communication Essay What technological advancements in communication were discussed in the article? In this article, The technological advancements in communication discussed included collaborative technologies like social computing, wiki’s, mash up’s, video conferencing, and instant messaging. These technologies allow businesses to get away from all the e-mails or traditional communication that involves only a select number of people. With collaborative technology, business can communicate with anyone they want and everyone feels like they are included. Choose two communication types and compare and contrast them. How could these be used in your workplace? Two of the communication types that I am going to compare are emails, and interactive spreadsheets like the one mentioned from smartsheet.com. In my workplace, we could use interactive spreadsheets to our advantage. We share emails back and forth to our subsidiaries’ in many countries. Most all of the different countries share a different language and translation could present a problem. With an interactive spreadsheet, you could have a space reserved for the different languages so that information could be translated one time instead of many times. Emails are only available to whoever you send them to. With an interactive spread sheet, information could be viewed by everyone and other people could put their two cents in. You would be creating a larger team than with emails. Do these technological advancements in communication follow what is traditionally considered business communication? Why? I think that these technological advancements in communication follow traditional business communication to a certain extent. Information is still being shared, teams are still collaborating, and decisions are still getting made. The difference with collaborative technology is that it is much easier to do all of this now. Businesses are able to communicate on a much broader level and more people can be involved. Technology is also  taking the leg work out of the equation for some businesses, freeing them up to concentrate on more important tasks.

House Of Flying Daggers Analysis

House Of Flying Daggers Analysis Chinese film-director Zhang Yimou is member of the Fifth Generation. The Fifth Generation itself is famous for its cinematography, specifically for the use of visual images, unusual camera movement, vivid contrasts, unusual framing and montages. The films of Fifth Generation have their ways of telling stories and narration, which is mostly done through allegory. Zhang Yimou himself emphasizes visual imagery and metaphors to convey the messages of his films to the audience. In his films one can observe the emphasis on the shot composition and color symbolism e.g. in Raise the Red Lantern bright red colored lantern is used to represent the wife which husband chooses to spend the night with , and the new wife which is wearing red wedding dress. (Lent, J.A. , Yin, X. n.d.) Zhangs films often deal with the stories of peasant or common people (To live, 1994), (Ju Dou, 1990) He often touches the themes of love, betrayal and unhappiness (Raise the Red Lantern, 1991). In his late 50s Zhang Yimou turned to action movies, Wuxia genre, and directed (Hero, 2002) and (House of Flying Daggers, 2004). House of Flying Daggers has won awards for Best Cinematography, Best Director, Best Foreign Language Film, Outstanding Production Design and many more, reaching total worldwide box office gross of 92 million Dollars. Although Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (2000, by Ang Lee), also an international success, still remains the highest-grossing foreign language film. (Wikipedia) Hero (2002), House of Flying Daggers (2004) directed by Zhang Yimou and Crouching Tiger, Hidden dragon (2000) directed by Ang Lee are the most famous and internationally renowned Wuxia films. Wuxia genre directly implies that film incorporates martial arts but if analyzed further word wuxia is composed of two characters. First Wu which describes the abovementioned martial arts action, and Xia which describes the protagonist of the film. Xia characters can be both from aristocratic or humble background. Generally these are martial arts masters who seek adventure and who fight for justice. Xia characters, just like knights, have their code of conduct which is guiding their beliefs, behavior and lifestyle. (An Introduction to Wuxia. n.d.) House of Flying Daggers, if literally translated from Mandarin to English means ambushed from ten directions which perfectly describes the tension building up in the film when watching incredible fighting techniques, daggers flying through air and complicated combat scenes. (Brenner, J. n.d.) The film tells a story of three main characters whose lives get entangled with one another. The element that unifies all three of them is the torment for love, their sorrow and devotion. The film shows that love cannot be based on time- span. One can find the love of his life during three days. The aim of the film is to show how the journey of love unfolds, what kind of sacrifices characters make for it and how tremendously the experience of love changes their inner self and their worldview. The story takes place in china 859 AD during the reign of the Tang dynasty. The film portrays a corrupted and weak political situation in response to which an alliance called house of the flying daggers forms to overthrow the corrupted government. The Flying Daggers are a secret alliance composed of excellent martial-art warriors. Members of Flying Daggers are present everywhere in entertainment houses, even in the government system. Police Captain Leo (Andy Lau) also a member of Flying Daggers and Captain Jin (Takeshi Kaneshiro) receive an order to find and destroy the new leader of the Flying Daggers in ten days. They start their quest by visiting Peyony Pavillion to take a closer look at the blind dancer Mei (Zhang Ziyi) who is suspected to be the member of the Flying Daggers. The dramatic structure starts to evolve right after Captain Leo suggests Captain Jin rescues imprisoned Mei , gains her trust and by escorting her leads them to the bigger reward- the trail of the Flying Daggers. The undercover plan only lasts three days but these three days are what leads to the culmination of the film. During these days Captain Leo suffers immensely and endures sleepless nights as he witnesses the love of his life flirting and bonding with another man. Captain Jin faces dilemma of choosing sides. As due to Generals order he is forced to kill his own soldiers. The idea of killing his own people tortures him while love for Mei grows. He reaches the point of no return when he returns for her in the bamboo forest, knowing he will have to combat his own side again, but he does so for her. Mei, on the other hand, is struggling between love and gratitude toward Captain Leo who has saved her life multiple times and new growing affection toward Jin. For intensifying the dramatic structure symbolism is used as a tool. One of the first symbols viewer witnesses is the song sung by Mei in the Peyony Pavillion. A rare beauty in the North, Shes the finest lady on earth, A glance from her,  the whole city goes down. A second glance leaves the whole nation in ruins This is a metaphorical foreshadowing of the entire tragic love triangle. The Beauty in the North is Mei, whose beauty and love is destructive, ironically even for her. The song is sung in the beginning of the film as in the end, during the combat in the snow between three main characters, when Mei is dying. One of the most impressive moments is the last scene in the snow. According to the director Zhing Yimou it was just a coincidence that it started snowing in October but it truly did make a wonderful addition to the visual aesthetics of the film. The last scene of snow can be perceived as a symbol. As the viewer sees how the forest of yellow, purple, green and red trees suddenly gets covered under a thick layer of pure white snow, it unfolds the culminating events to come. The pure white snow symbolizes the end and the new beginning. It is the end, as the snow gets covered with blood of three main characters. But it also symbolizes a new page, as that is the day of the great battle between the Flying Daggers and the government. Its a fresh start for all the others but its the end for Leo, Jin and Mei. In order to underline Zhang Yimous techniques of symbolism and metaphorical portrayal of messages one must also discuss the form of dialogue in the film. From the dialogue in the Peyony Pavillion about Meis name audience learns that the showgirls have taken the names of the flowers while Mei didnt. The reason for this according to Mei is that the showgirls are fake flowers, as real flowers grow in the wilderness. This is very interesting if one takes into consideration that Jin calls himself the Wind. So the two main characters are metaphorically referred to as a flower and the wind. The flower and wind metaphor follows the progress of Meis and Jins relationship and is recurring several times. First instance is when Jin takes Mei to the flower field where the real flowers grow, makes her a flower bouquet and calls her the most beautiful flower among the field. The metaphor of the wind is recurring in the conversation which Mei initiates in order to understand the intentions and feelings of Jin toward her. Jin tries to explain his feelings to her by referring to winds attributes, that wind is playful and carefree, moves around and leaves no traces and doesnt stay in one place. Reference to the wind once more emerges in the most dramatic moment of the film, when Leo stabs Mei lethally. Mei answers Leos question and says that she wanted to be free as a wind, metaphorically referring to Jin and freedom of being with him. The symbolism for Mei and Jin, as a flower and a wind, helps to communicate the traits of the characters to the audience. Mei, a flower that grows in the wilderness portrays that her beauty, as her excellent martial arts skills are a deadly weapon for seduction and destruction. The fact that she is portrayed as sightless person elevates her importance and uniqueness. The best example of this is the scene of the echo game. When Captain Leo tosses single beans she flawlessly repeats the echoes of the drums by banging the sleeves of her dress onto the drums. After Captain Leo tosses entire bowl of beans onto the drums she demonstrates her exceptional skills in martial arts, and therefore is revealed to be a lot more than just a talented blind dancer. Jin is the playful or carefree wind. He moves around and leaves no trace. His character is portrayed as a ladies men , who likes drinking, is playful, enjoys going to entertainment houses and is thus unable or not willing to commit. His character progresses as he settles, the wind will stop at his will and transforms into a devoted lover. Leo is an undercover character who has endured much of the suffering. In his speech to Mei he reveals his feelings and sufferings saying he has been surviving day by day by the thought of Mei. He is a reliable and cautious character, who looks after Mei and saves her during the combat in the flower field. When his character progresses he turns mad with jealousy, partially blaming himself but the feeling of betrayal is so strong and pain so deep he just loses his mind, leading him to aggressively force Mei into making love to him, and later taking her life. These three characters are unified by one more trait. All three of them are full of deceit. None of them appear to be what they have led the audience or each other to be. When analyzing the characters themselves there is a certain context that these characters should be put into to fully understand the reasoning behind their behavior. All the three main characters are Xia warriors. Eight common attributes of Xia warriors are altruism, justice, individualism, loyalty, courage, truthfulness, disregard for wealth and desire for glory. These elements are very important to take into consideration as the characters of the Wuxia movies often display these traits. (An Introduction to Wuxia. n.d.) The example of loyalty and betrayal in the warrior world is portrayed by the relationship of Mei and Leo. Mei could not allow herself to love Jin as she felt she would betray Leo, and due to high respect and gratitude for what he has done for her she rejects Jin in the forest. But as it becomes obvious that she fell in love with Jin , Leo becomes coldhearted and Mei has to pay the cost of her betrayal, her life. Also what seems to be very interesting is according to what values and attributes do warriors establish trust among each other. When did Mei actually feels trust toward Jin and starts truly falling in love with him? Was it after he saved her life in the forest, or rescued her from the prison? The trust and love come to may after the fighting scene on the flower field, when Generals soldiers attack Mei and Jin. This being a true, unforeseen and tense combat of dozen soldiers against two, Jin gets stabbed and this seems to be the point of him gaining Meis trust and love. A perfect explanation of this situation is given by Shu-lien in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. The experiences and the hard times partners face together brings them closer. Shu-lien fell in love with Li-Mu Bai as they have gone through many different hard times and fought together, apparently this is what warriors value and what brings them closer being there for each other through hard times and surviving them toget her as one. In addition to that Shu-liens and Li-Mu bais love story can also serve as a perfect example of warriors code of conduct . Shu-lien and Li-Mu Bai are in love but they didnt have a chance to be together and be happy. The reason for this is revealed by Shu-lien who states that the men she loved , who was also Li-Mu bais brother, died and not to disrespect him and betray him they cannot allow themselves to be together. This is one of the examples of deep loyalty, friendship and self-control that warriors display as they deeply believe and let their principles guide them. When mentioning these two films together, one should discuss two particular scenes which are of great importance and interest. The first scene is the fighting scene in the bamboo forest. First of all when seeing a bamboo forest in the martial art movie, it is like a foreshadowing of the upcoming battle. Bamboo forest has been used in House of the Flying Daggers where Mei and Jin are attacked by the Generals troops, and also in Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon where Li-Mu bai and Jen are fighting. There is an obvious similarity in these two scenes. Characters fight with their armor but also use the bamboo forest as tool to jump, walk on the thin branches, escape each other by bending the tree tops, flying from one tree to another or standing on / between two bamboo trees preserving composure and balance. In spite of the fact that audience anticipates the fighting style and techniques to be used, these scenes are still breathtaking due to the mastery of the actors, also due to the amazin g colors and the lighting of the forest. Another scene which will also be discussed is the bathing scene of Mei. Jin, while in the forest, constructs a little pond of fresh water, gathers leaves and suggests Mei take a bath. Mei decides to take a bath, and to make her let her guard down Jin proposes that he will let Mei keep track of where he is by making sounds by his sword. And in the end he offers her fresh men clothing. In Crouching Tiger there is also a bathing scene where Lo bandit from the desert suggests Jen to take a bath and to assure her of his good intentions he tells her he will sing so that she knows where he is. He too in the end offers her his fresh clothing. Of course the two scenes unfold in different directions but still there are several elements worth mentioning which unite the two except for the basic similarities mentioned above. In these two movies both bathing scenes suggest and lead to a new kind of intimacy level and lead to a romantic affection between two characters Jin and Mei, and Jen and Lo. The beginning of new emotions and affection is seen right away in the Crouching Tiger as the characters make love and reveal their feelings soon after. In the House of Flying Daggers there is an attempt of intimacy though in this case Mei is faced with the burden of loyalty that she has toward Leo and therefore rejects Jin by being cold as water. But beginning of the upcoming love between the two characters is starting from the bathing scene in both of the films. Except for the beautiful landscapes and nature, setting in House of Flying Daggers is also one of the elements contributing to the visual aesthetics of the film. As the time frame of the film is during ancient times, Tang dynasty, every detail in the film is meticulously chosen to match the replica of the old times. The swords, the lather hand bracelets male characters wore, the pottery, the instruments played in the entertainment house and even the torture devices gave the impression of being made exactly during the ancient Tang dynasty by a handy craftsman. The scene at the Payony Pavillion perfectly illustrated and set the mood of ancient China. There are interiors of elaborate richness, beautiful costumes, landscapes of mountain ranges, meadows and fields of snow. Spectacular  Costumes designed by Emi Wada depicted women of Tang dynasty very well. Entertainment House is filled with high-class courtesans who are great singers, performers, know the rules of entertaining games and have respectable table manners. The costumes are fashionable, colorful, with beautiful ornaments. Courtesans have their hair brushed up with an edifice above the forehead, hair decorated with extravagant head combs and jewelry. In addition to visual aesthetics of the film there are different sounds used in the movie to achieve the effect of tension, excitement and make the viewer listen and watch the film in absolute silence. The example of this is the sounds of water droplets and crystalline curtains in the Peyony Pavillion. Also sounds of flying bamboos, falling leaves, sound of sword cutting the air all these elements are mostly used when Mei is in the epicenter of the fight. As during the half of the film she is perceived and portrayed as a sightless warrior every above mentioned sound is perceived as a clue of what she listens to and notices in order to coordinate, and how she perceives the environment in order to defend herself against the enemy. Zhang Yimou has his way of storytelling through visual imagery, which can be also observed in his early works. He uses de-centered compositions, sometimes also obscure angles, utilizes little details such as lighting, sound, strong and beautiful scenery to portray minimal plot and strengthen the dramatic effect. His stories can be perceived as fables which are in a sense enigmatic and have ambiguous endings. He uses color and composition to bring out the oriental mood of ancient china. His intention with House of Flying Daggers was to show the fate of three main characters who sacrificed everything beginning with their loyalty to their duties, their roles in society, their beliefs, and in the end their lives for love. He showed how the inner world of these characters changed and crashed in misery. As he says : People in misery have deep meanings, People in misery is what is most important in art (Zhang Yimou Interview, 2002). Their misery is depicted in very powerful way which brings out empathy in audience. After the analysis of various elements I can say that Zhang Yimou successfully conveyed his films message and anguish of the characters very skillfully and in a very touching manner. The actors excellent performance made it very authentic to feel empathy and sorrow. And the overall aesthetical part of the film made a striking and long lasting and impression.